package Ciphers;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Columnar Transposition Cipher Encryption and Decryption.
 *
 * @author <a href="https://github.com/freitzzz">freitzzz</a>
 */
public class ColumnarTranspositionCipher {

  private static String keyword;
  private static Object[][] table;
  private static String abecedarium;
  public static final String ABECEDARIUM =
      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFG" + "HIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789,.;:-@";
  private static final String ENCRYPTION_FIELD = "≈";
  private static final char ENCRYPTION_FIELD_CHAR = '≈';

  /**
   * Encrypts a certain String with the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   *
   * @param word Word being encrypted
   * @param keyword String with keyword being used
   * @return a String with the word encrypted by the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   */
  public static String encrpyter(String word, String keyword) {
    ColumnarTranspositionCipher.keyword = keyword;
    abecedariumBuilder(500);
    table = tableBuilder(word);
    Object[][] sortedTable = sortTable(table);
    StringBuilder wordEncrypted = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < sortedTable[i].length; i++) {
      for (int j = 1; j < sortedTable.length; j++) {
        wordEncrypted.append(sortedTable[j][i]);
      }
    }
    return wordEncrypted.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Encrypts a certain String with the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   *
   * @param word Word being encrypted
   * @param keyword String with keyword being used
   * @param abecedarium String with the abecedarium being used. null for default one
   * @return a String with the word encrypted by the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   */
  public static String encrpyter(String word, String keyword, String abecedarium) {
    ColumnarTranspositionCipher.keyword = keyword;
    ColumnarTranspositionCipher.abecedarium = Objects.requireNonNullElse(abecedarium, ABECEDARIUM);
    table = tableBuilder(word);
    Object[][] sortedTable = sortTable(table);
    StringBuilder wordEncrypted = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < sortedTable[0].length; i++) {
      for (int j = 1; j < sortedTable.length; j++) {
        wordEncrypted.append(sortedTable[j][i]);
      }
    }
    return wordEncrypted.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Decrypts a certain encrypted String with the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   *
   * @return a String decrypted with the word encrypted by the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   */
  public static String decrypter() {
    StringBuilder wordDecrypted = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 1; i < table.length; i++) {
      for (Object item : table[i]) {
        wordDecrypted.append(item);
      }
    }
    return wordDecrypted.toString().replaceAll(ENCRYPTION_FIELD, "");
  }

  /**
   * Builds a table with the word to be encrypted in rows by the Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule
   *
   * @return An Object[][] with the word to be encrypted filled in rows and columns
   */
  private static Object[][] tableBuilder(String word) {
    Object[][] table = new Object[numberOfRows(word) + 1][keyword.length()];
    char[] wordInChards = word.toCharArray();
    // Fils in the respective numbers
    table[0] = findElements();
    int charElement = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < table.length; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < table[i].length; j++) {
        if (charElement < wordInChards.length) {
          table[i][j] = wordInChards[charElement];
          charElement++;
        } else {
          table[i][j] = ENCRYPTION_FIELD_CHAR;
        }
      }
    }
    return table;
  }

  /**
   * Determines the number of rows the table should have regarding the Columnar Transposition Cipher
   * Rule
   *
   * @return an int with the number of rows that the table should have in order to respect the
   *     Columnar Transposition Cipher Rule.
   */
  private static int numberOfRows(String word) {
    if (word.length() / keyword.length() > word.length() / keyword.length()) {
      return (word.length() / keyword.length()) + 1;
    } else {
      return word.length() / keyword.length();
    }
  }

  /** @return charValues */
  private static Object[] findElements() {
    Object[] charValues = new Object[keyword.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < charValues.length; i++) {
      int charValueIndex = abecedarium.indexOf(keyword.charAt(i));
      charValues[i] = charValueIndex > -1 ? charValueIndex : null;
    }
    return charValues;
  }

  /**
   * @return tableSorted
   */
  private static Object[][] sortTable(Object[][] table) {
    Object[][] tableSorted = new Object[table.length][table[0].length];
    for (int i = 0; i < tableSorted.length; i++) {
      System.arraycopy(table[i], 0, tableSorted[i], 0, tableSorted[i].length);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < tableSorted[0].length; i++) {
      for (int j = i + 1; j < tableSorted[0].length; j++) {
        if ((int) tableSorted[0][i] > (int) table[0][j]) {
          Object[] column = getColumn(tableSorted, tableSorted.length, i);
          switchColumns(tableSorted, j, i, column);
        }
      }
    }
    return tableSorted;
  }

  /**
   * @return columnArray
   */
  private static Object[] getColumn(Object[][] table, int rows, int column) {
    Object[] columnArray = new Object[rows];
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
      columnArray[i] = table[i][column];
    }
    return columnArray;
  }

  private static void switchColumns(
      Object[][] table, int firstColumnIndex, int secondColumnIndex, Object[] columnToSwitch) {
    for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i++) {
      table[i][secondColumnIndex] = table[i][firstColumnIndex];
      table[i][firstColumnIndex] = columnToSwitch[i];
    }
  }

  /**
   * Creates an abecedarium with a specified ascii inded
   *
   * @param value Number of characters being used based on the ASCII Table
   */
  private static void abecedariumBuilder(int value) {
    StringBuilder t = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < value; i++) {
      t.append((char) i);
    }
    abecedarium = t.toString();
  }

  private static void showTable() {
    for (Object[] table1 : table) {
      for (Object item : table1) {
        System.out.print(item + " ");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String keywordForExample = "asd215";
    String wordBeingEncrypted = "This is a test of the Columnar Transposition Cipher";
    System.out.println("### Example of Columnar Transposition Cipher ###\n");
    System.out.println("Word being encryped ->>> " + wordBeingEncrypted);
    System.out.println(
        "Word encrypted ->>> "
            + ColumnarTranspositionCipher.encrpyter(wordBeingEncrypted, keywordForExample));
    System.out.println("Word decryped ->>> " + ColumnarTranspositionCipher.decrypter());
    System.out.println("\n### Encrypted Table ###");
    showTable();
  }
}